Leaning Online

A n article is a literary work pu b lished i n newspaper, magazines, b ooks, we b sites etc. for research works, discussio ns, for addressing and suggesting t h e solutions of t he issues, for givi n g you b eliefs, argume nts, opinions, expressions, advices, etc. It is writte n in a systematic way i.e.in a formal and proper way to provide information relevant to t he topics. For examples, articles pu b lished i n newspaper ab out a rece nt incident b y a n author, some suggestio n ab out latest issues of eco nomic stab ility of the cou ntry b y a n economic analyst, etc.   A review article is an ho nest opinion, outline or overview of already studied articles pub li s hed for a topic, discussio n, argument, etc. For example, Mr. A wrote an article ab out the causes of failure of eco nomic stab ility. The n a researc her reads that article a nd ot her similar articles. he, the n writes an ho nest review ab out the fi ndings and suggestions provided b y Mr. A’s article a n...

A Memo or Memora ndum   is a n internal communication system to convey messages only wit hi n an organization. It is communicated, directed and addressed to group of people or various departments wit hi n an organization. A circular is a statement or printed Advertisement (Ad) made for wide distrib utio n to lots of people in pub lic places, doors to doors or with in t h e organization. It is sent to group of people for conveying message ab out a b ra nd or certain course of action i.e., tomorrow, a meeting will b e held at office, etc. A circular is circularized amo ng t he people, such as employees or customers, etc., to co nvey t he message effectively i n order to provide t he i nformation in s hort period of time an d to promote t he products or to get the atte ntion of staff towards certain course of action wit hi n an organization. A N otice  ( NTC)   is given to warn or inform or to get attention of t h e people. It contains factual and rea...

A affidavit is a stateme nt of evidence w hich is sig ned b y you i.e., who provides affidavits, for providi ng a proof in court or for negotiations b etwee n two or more parties. All t he i nformation written and witnesses provided must b e correct a nd true. A Brief is give n to prepare a lawyer for a lawsuit or it is given to prepare a manager or any person in order to prepare t hem for a particular meeti ng, presentation, a project, specified work or task, etc. A b rief of evide nce containing t he summary of facts is heard i n court during heari ng. It is read out b y a wit ness.

A Memo is a way to commu nicate internally wit hi n an organization for getting feedb ack a nd giving messages to memb ers of the orga nization. A memo provides informal messages, b riefs for meeti ngs, recommendations, suggestions, etc., t hat flow upward, dow nward and horizo ntally wit hi n an organization. A Letter is usually an external communication c ha nnel outside t he orga nization . It is a formal a nd an informal way to convey t he messages to co ncerned parties. However, formal letters ca n also b e writte n and sent wit hi n organization to various memb ers or departme nts for example, letters se nt to employees due to emergency, for promotions, for hiri ng and firing, etc. Sometimes, letters are issued or written internally wit h in an organization suc h as i nternal employme nt cover letter, internal position cover letter, internal promotion cover letter, internal job relocatio n letter, etc. Types of letters are formal letter, informal letters, b usi ness l...

A memora ndum, in s h ort words called “ Memo ”, is a n internal communication way to convey t he message to differe nt mem b ers of a n orga nization. Memb ers of th e organization needs to convey messages to eac h ot h er in order to get feedb ack a nd memo is one of t h e way to communicate wit h in an organization. A note, plural form is notes, is prepared to record important points of a meetings, presentations, lectures, etc., in order to rememb er mai n topic or agenda of t he meeti ng. For example, t he meeti ng is ab out, ”how to i ncrease Sales ”, t he n main points suc h as trai ning of sales managers, increase incentives, etc., are notes to remind yourself ab out w hat is the meeti ng all ab out. A note is an informal message. A memo can also b e se nt as a note or b riefi ng for giving messages to various departments of t he orga nization b ut a note may also b e se nt as a sentence or group of words for rememb eri ng important points of main topic delivered in ...

A N otice is a way to get t he atte ntion of your audience. It is made earlier to audience in order to inform t h em important points, prob lems, certai n course of actions, events etc., b efore these may happe n i n an organization. A memo or memora ndum is a n internal communication system working wit hi n an organization, from one memb er to a not her or from o ne office to anot her office, or from a n office or departme n t to differe nt groups of people wit hi n an organization. A memo has less details as compared to a Report which has more details a b out a pro b lem, its recomme ndations and solutions. So, we ca n say t hat, a notice is used to inform audience ab out some importa nt points earlier w hile a memo is a n internal communication c ha nnel wit hin an organization.

A placard gives some i nformation ab out somethi ng suc h as a request or a n advice e.g., “Do N ot Sit Here”, “N o Smoking”, etc. A placard ca n b e easily moved from o ne place to anot her as it has a stick to carry o n t he way. It ca n also b e placed o n t h e wall to convey message. A Poster , usually larger i n size, has pri nted images and texts and placed on wall or paper to advertise t he products or services or to co nvey t he messages effectively i n an organization or in pub lic places which is important to promote the business and increase sales.

  A N otice is made to inform some important points related to an event, a project, a prob lem, etc. to ge neral pub lic or to a larger group of employees worki ng in an organization. A notice is not related to any sort of Advertisement rat her tha n it is used to get attention of your audience ab out some importa nt points, you want to convey to t hem i n order to avoid confusion in t h eir mind in future. A poster is b igg er in size t h an a notice, usually placed on t h e wall wit h printed images and texts used to advertise products or services in pub lic places, o n streets or roads, or to convey messages wit hi n an organization, etc.

A report is a more detailed i n formatio n a nd concise form of writing a bout a particular sub ject matter i.e, a b out a pro b lem, a n event, etc., in order to provide valuab le information to a particular group of people in a systematic way for t he solutio ns of t he pro b lems or for descri b i ng facts fi ndings or for events happe nings organized in an organization. A N otice is used to give important points to audience. Usually it is written on a paper. It is related to future events w h ic h will b e possib ly happe ned after some period of time. It is made in general i.e., it is made widely to eit h er to pub lic or whole mem b ers of the society.  A notice is a more formal, factual and realistic message to convey to t he audie nce. Similarities B etween Report And Notice Both are writte n to inform audience ab out the facts or reality of the eve nts, prob lems or causes, etc. Both have great importa nce in effective b usi ness communication process. ...

  Recruitment means t hat a n organization finds or searc h es suitab le ca ndidates / applicants t h roug h Advertisements in newspapers or on internet for new vacancies created in t he differe nt positions of t he orga nization. Hiri ng is t he process of fi nding t he services of those right a nd qualified candidates w ho applied for the required posts b y viewi ng advertisement on newspapers or on web sites. Among all candidates w h o applied for t h e required job s , suitab le, qualified a nd rig ht ca ndidates are selected for t he required posts i n an organization t hrough a selectio n process.

What Is Recruitment VS  What Is Appointment  Recruitme nt is an important function of Huma n Resource Management ( HRM) i n w hich new applicants / candidates are searc hed / fou nd out b y placi ng Advertisement on newspaper or on internet or any ot her ways so that suita b le ca ndidates are selected for t he required jo b s. Appoi ntment is made for employees as well as for new selected candidates applying for t h e job s in order to s hift the positio n of employees from one position to anot h er or appoint t h e rig h t candidates to t h e rig h t positions in an organization. For employees, eit h er t he positio n remains t he same or cha n ged b ut the employee is appoi nted in a new vacancy or in replace of anot h er employee in an office or departme n t or anot h er b ra nc h of the compa ny. For employees, employment appoint letter is issued and for new candidates job appoint letter is issued b y ma nagement of t he compa ny.

  Advertisi ng is a marketing function or it is a process in w hich Advertiseme nts take place in order to persuade t h e customers and it is made for t he promotio n and selling of products or services. Short form of Advertiseme nt is Ad (Si ngular form) and Ads (Plural Form) for Advertisements  w h ic h is made eit her through newspaper or on television or on internet or t h roug h b ill b oards or a ny ot her mediums for various advertisi ng campaigns. So, we can say t h at advertising is an industry in w hich various advertiseme nts are prepared for running various advertising campaigns in order to influence t he e nd customers to b uy products or services.

  An announcement is made to inform someone ab out somethi ng suc h as givi ng employees a notice a b out lau nc h ing a new system in workplace, announcing pub lic holidays i n company’s office t h roug h a notice, etc. w hile a n Advertising is a function in w h ic h Advertisemen ts takes place for various advertising campaigns. Actually, an advertising is a part of Marketin g in order to promote t he products or services of compa ny to influence t he customers to b uy products or services from the compa ny. T he mai n purpose of announcement is to inform t he audie nce ab out some importa nt information you feel necessary to communicate t hem related to future eve nts or programs. On t he other ha nd, advertising is solely prepared for t h e promotion and selling of products and services to end customers.

N otice is given to warm or to inform some important points to someone. Such as “School Remain Closed for 3 days” while Advertisement is a marketing technique used to promote products or services to influence the customers to use the products or avail services such as banners, newspaper, televisions, internet, etc. Advertisements may influence the customers to buy a product or a service but notice may  be verbal or a written statement mainly made to inform the audience about something.

There are ma ny causes due to which Cost of Goods Sold or Cost of Sales increases. Some Common and important causes are mentioned below: (i) Increase In Unit Cost Per Unit When the prices of products increase due to inflation, then the unit cost of various products increases due to which cost of production increases that ultimately increases the cost of sales of products. But if the eco nomy is growing well means, when there is boom period, then cost of sales decrease. (ii) Lack of Technology When there is manual working without the use of technology, then cost of working increases which ultimately increases the cost of production as less work is done with maximum amount of cost due to manual working while technology reduces workers cost and improve the working time with minimum cost. By adopti ng advanced technology, we can minimize the cost of sales as we may reduce workers costs and increase the working...

Commission Pay means that the payment made to employees based on some specific tasks, projects, targets that should be met in order to qualify for commission pay or incentive. So, it is a form of remuneration or reward given to employees when they meet specific sales targets or achieve specific performance required for the tasks, etc. It may also be given in addition to basic salary to employees. You Can Also Study, “ What is Commission Account ” Usually, the commission pay is based on the percentage of sales made by a sales manager in a given sales campaign for a specified time period usually weekly, monthly or quarterly. It is given to improve the working performance of the employees so that they try to make sales or meet the targets on time in order to get more incentives or packages if particular target is achieved. For example, the company may give commission to a sales manager equal to 10% of every sale made. ...